Pengaruh GDP Perkapita, FDI Dan Pertumbuhan Industri Terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan (Studi Kasus: Negara ASEAN)
Keywords:
GDP per capita, FDI, Industrial Growth, Environmental Quality, Carbon Dioxide EmissionsAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of GDP per capita, FDI, and industrial growth on environmental quality as seen from carbon dioxide emissions in ASEAN countries. The method and analysis tool used in this research is panel data regression. The dependent variable used is carbon dioxide emissions and the independent variables include per capita GDP, FDI, and industrial growth. The best model obtained is the Fixed Effect Model. The results showed that GDP per capita and industrial growth had a positive and significant effect on the level of environmental quality in ASEAN countries, while FDI had a positive and insignificant effect on the level of environmental quality in ASEAN countries.
References
Gujarati, Damodar. 2012. Dasar-Dasar Ekonometrika. Jakarta:Salemba Empat.
Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. 3914.
Kizilkaya, O. (2017). The Impact of Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment on CO2 Emissions: The Case of Turkey. Turkish Economic Review, 4(1), 106–118. http://www.kspjournals.org/index.php/TER/article/view/1173
Munir, K., & Ameer, A. (2019). Nonlinear effect of FDI, economic growth, and industrialization on environmental quality: Evidence from Pakistan. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(1), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-10-2018-0186
Pangestu, N. A. (2017). The Impact of Economic Growth on the Environment : Evidence from Environmental Kuznet Curve. Economics and Business Faculty Brawijaya University.
Sinha Babu, S., & Datta, S. K. (2013). The relevance of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in a framework of broad-based environmental degradation and modified measure of growth-a pooled data analysis. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 20(4), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2013.795505
Tang, E. (2018). Pengaruh Penanaman Modal Asing, Pendapatan Domestik Bruto, Konsumsi Energi, Konsumsi Listrik, Dan Konsumsi Daging Terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan Pada 41 Negara Di Dunia Dan 17 Negara Di Asia Periode 1999-2013. CALYPTRA, 6(2).
