Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Keywords:
Alelokimia, Benih Jagung, Biokontrol, Euphorbia hirta L., PerkecambahanAbstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important agricultural commodity. One of the limiting factors in corn cultivation is the presence of weeds such as Euphorbia hirta L. (Patikan kebo). The leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta contains allelochemical compounds such as phenols, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids that may inhibit seed germination. This study aimed to determine the effect of Euphorbia hirta leaf extract on the germination of corn seeds (Zea mays L.). The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five concentration treatments (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and five replications. The observed parameters included germination percentage, germination rate, plumule length, radicle length, and vigor index. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by the LSD test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that Euphorbia hirta leaf extract significantly affected radicle length and vigor index, with the highest inhibitory effect observed at a concentration of 20%.
References
Ain, N., Nornasuha, Y., dan Ismail, B. 2017. Evaluation of the allelopathic potential of fifteen common Malaysian weeds. Sains Malaysiana, 46(9): 1413-1420.
Bindumole, V. R. 2018. Phytotoxic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta L. on seed germination and seedling growth of selected vegetable crops. International Education and Research Journal, 4(4), 26-29.
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 2024. Luas Panen dan Produksi Jagung di Indonesia 2023. Diakses pada 20 November 2025, https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/08/16/fa2d1e4d5414f76a9bc3c713/luas-panen-dan-produksi-jagung-di-indonesia-2023.html
Darmanti, S. (2018). Interaksi alelopati dan senyawa alelokimia: potensinya sebagai bioherbisida. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 3(2), 181-187.
Dar, H., Abbas, A., Salam, I. U., Zohra, R. R., and Bashir, I. A. Q. F. 2023. Allelopathic Effect of Euphorbia hirta (Pig weed) Extracts and Powder on Seedling Growth, Chlorophyll and Protein Content of Cicer Arietinum (Black gram) in Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot, 55(2): 643-648.
Fatikhasari, Z., Lailaty, I. Q., Sartika, D., dan Ubaidi, M. A. 2022. Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea l.), Kacang hijau (vigna radiata (l.) R. Wilczek), dan Jagung (zea mays l.) Pada Temperatur dan Tekanan Osmotik Berbeda. Jurnal ilmu pertanian indonesia, 27(1): 7-17.
Gupta, K., Khurana, S. C., Sarmahz, M. K., and Narwal, S. S. 1992. Allelopathic Effect Of Aqueous Ext Racts Of Sweet Potato Vines On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Winter Crops. Wr@ rqt, 38.
Indarwati, I., Jili, A. Q. A., Susilo, A., dan Suryaningsih, D. R. 2023. Potensi Alellopati Ekstrak Gulma Alang Alang Sebagai Bioherbisida: Allelopathic Potential of Reeds Weed Extract As a Bioherbicide. Journal of Applied Plant Technology. 2(1): 30-41.
Lesilolo, M. K., Patty, J., dan Tetty, N. 2012. Penggunaan Desikan Abu Dan Lama Simpan terhadap Kualitas Benih Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pada Penyimpanan Ruang Terbuka. Agrologia. 1(1): 51-59
Lesilolo, M. K., Riry, J., dan Matatula, E. A. (2013). Pengujian viabilitas dan vigor benih beberapa jenis tanaman yang beredar di pasaran kota Ambon. Agrologia, 2(1).
Li, Q., Gao, L., Liu, D., Xu, L., Zhang, X., and Zhang, C. 2021. Novel Insights Of Maize Structural Feature in China. Euphytica. 217(7): 1-17.
Megasari, R., Rasyid, A., Darmawan, M., dan Mutia, A. K. 2024. Uji Viabilitas Benih Pada Beberapa Varietas Padi Lokal Gorontalo. Plantklopedia: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Pertanian, 4(2): 15-25.
Moelyaandani, D. Q., dan Setiyono, S. 2020. Kompetisi Beberapa Jenis Gulma Terhadap Pertumbuhan Awal Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman Tropis. 1(1): 21-26.
Nugroho, S. A., Setyoko, U., Fatimah, T., dan Novenda, I. L. 2022. Pengaruh Alelopati Tanaman Gamal (Glericida manuculata) Dan Kirinyuh (Eupatorium odoratum) Terhadap Perkecambahan Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata). In Agropross: National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture (pp. 180-188).
Nurita, F. D., dan Yuliani, Y. 2023. Pengaruh Kombinasi Auksin dan Giberelin Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Partenokarpi Pada Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena var. Gelatik). LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 12(3): 457-465.
Ochoa-Chaparro, E. H., Patiño-Cruz, J. J., Anchondo-Páez, J. C., Pérez-Álvarez, S., Chávez-Mendoza, C., Castruita-Esparza, L. U., Muñoz Márquez, E., and Sánchez, E.. 2025. Seed Nanopriming with ZnO
